Convert a Number to Text: TEXT

Starting with a simple way to convert a number to text using a specified format is the TEXT function. You can use it for a date, time, percentage, currency, or similar number.

The syntax for the formula is TEXT(number, format), where you can use the exact number or a cell reference for the first argument. Depending on the format you want to use, you can visit the Google Docs Editors Help page for the list of over a dozen options for the second argument.

As an example, we’ll format the time 22:30 in a 12-hour format with AM or PM and as text using this formula:

=TEXT(“22:30”,”hh:mm AM/PM”)

For another example, we’ll format the number in cell A1 as text with a percent sign using this formula:

=TEXT(A1,”0%”)

Combine Text: CONCATENATE

If you want to join two strings of text, you can use the CONCATENATE function. You may have a first name and last name, city and state, or similar that you want to combine into a single cell.

The syntax is CONCATENATE(string1, string2,…), where you can use the text or cell references for the arguments.

In this example, we’ll combine the text in cells A1 through D1 into a single string with this formula:

=CONCATENATE(A1:D1)

If you want to place a space between the words, you can insert a blank space within quotation marks between each cell reference using this formula:

=CONCATENATE(A1,” “,B1,” “,C1,” “,D1)

For another example, we’ll combine the text “First name: ” with the text in cell A1 with this formula:

=CONCATENATE(“First name: “,A1)

Combine Text With a Delimiter: TEXTJOIN

The TEXTJOIN function is similar to CONCATENATE for combining text. The difference is that you can use a delimiter (separator) and combine arrays with TEXTJOIN.

The syntax is TEXTJOIN(delimiter, empty, text1, text2,…). For the delimiter argument, place the space, comma, or other delimiter in quotes and for the empty argument, use True to exclude empty cells or False to include them.

As an example, we’ll join the text in the cell range A1 through C2 with a space as the delimiter and TRUE to ignore the empty cell (A2). Here’s the formula:

=TEXTJOIN(” “,TRUE,A1:C2)

For another example, we’ll combine the text in cells A1 through A10 with a comma as the delimiter and FALSE to include the empty cells (A4 through A8) so you can see how the result looks. Here’s the formula:

=TEXTJOIN(“,”,FALSE,A1:A10)

Tip: If you want to combine numbers, you can use the JOIN function.

Separate Text: SPLIT

Maybe you want to do the opposite of the above and separate text rather than combine it. For this, you can use the SPLIT function.

The syntax is SPLIT(text, delimiter, split_by, empty). Use the split_by argument with True (default) to separate the text around each character in the delimiter, otherwise use False. Use the empty argument with True (default) to treat consecutive delimiters as one, otherwise use False.

Here, we’ll split the text in cell A1 using a space as the delimiter and the defaults for the other arguments with this formula:

=SPLIT(A1,” “)

For another example, we’ll split the text in cell A1 using “t” as the delimiter. This removes the “t” like it removes the space delimiter above and leaves the rest of the text. Here’s the formula:

=SPLIT(A1,”t”)

Now, if we add FALSE as the split_by argument, this formula separates the text only at the “t[space]” mark:

=SPLIT(A1,”t “,FALSE)

Compare Text: EXACT

Are you working on comparing data in your sheet? Using the EXACT function, you can compare two strings of text and receive a simple True or False result for whether they match or not.

The syntax is EXACT(text1, text2), where you can use text or cell references for the arguments.

As an example, we’ll compare the two text strings in cells A1 and B1 with this formula:

=EXACT(A1,B1)

For another example, we’ll compare the text in cell A1 with “Google” using this formula:

=EXACT(A1,”Google”)

Change Text: REPLACE and SUBSTITUTE

While you can use the Find and Replace feature in Google Sheets, you may need to be more specific than the feature allows. For instance, you might want to change a letter in a particular spot or only a certain instance of text in a string. In this case, you can use either REPLACE or SUBSTITUTE.

Although similar, each function works slightly differently, so you can use whichever meets your needs best.

The syntax for each is REPLACE(text, position, length, new) and SUBSTITUTE(text, search_for, replace_with, occurrence). Let’s walk through a couple of examples and how to use the arguments.

REPLACE

Here, we want to replace “William H Brown” with “Bill Brown,” so we’ll use the REPLACE function and this formula:

=REPLACE(A1,1,9,”Bill”)

To break down the formula, A1 is the cell with the text, 1 is the starting position to replace, 9 is the number of characters to replace, and Bill is the replacement text.

As another example, we have phone numbers stored as text and need to change the prefix for each. Since each prefix is different, we can use REPLACE to specify the position and number of characters for the replacement. Here’s the formula:

=REPLACE(A1,5,3,”222″)

Tip: To change multiple cells in a column, you can drag the formula down to apply it to the subsequent rows as shown below.

SUBSTITUTE

For an example of the SUBSTITUTE function, we want to replace “new york” with “New York” and will add the occurrence argument to make sure we only change the first instance in our string. Here’s the formula:

=SUBSTITUTE(A1,”new york”,”New York”,1)

To break down this formula, A1 contains the text, “new york” is the text we search for, “New York” is the replacement, and 1 is the first occurrence of the text.

If you were to remove the occurrence argument in the above formula, the function would change both instances to “New York” by default as you can see here:

=SUBSTITUTE(A1,”new york”,”New York”)

Change the Letter Case: PROPER, UPPER, and LOWER

If you import data from another source or mistype during data entry, you may end up with mismatched letter cases. Using the PROPER, UPPER, and LOWER functions, you can quickly correct it.

The syntax for each is simple as PROPER(text), UPPER(text), and LOWER(text) where you can use a cell reference or the text for the argument.

To capitalize the first letter of each word in a text string, you can use the PROPER function and this formula:

=PROPER(A1)

To change the letters to all uppercase, use the UPPER function and this formula:

=UPPER(A1)

To change the letters to all lower case, use the LOWER function and this formula:

=LOWER(A1)

Remember, you can also enter the exact text for all three functions within quotes as follows:

=PROPER(“online tech TIPS”)

Obtain Part of a Text String: LEFT, RIGHT, and MID

Maybe you need to extract part of a text string. You may have data mixed in with other data or want to use a portion of a string for something in particular. You can use the LEFT, RIGHT, and MID functions to get the part you need.

The syntax for each is LEFT(string, num_characters), RIGHT(string, num_characters), and MID(string, start, length). You can use a cell reference or the text as the string argument in each.

For an example of the LEFT function, we’ll extract the first three characters from the left using the text in cell A1 with this formula:

=LEFT(A1,3)

For an example of the RIGHT function, we’ll extract the first four characters from the right using the same cell with this formula:

=RIGHT(A1,4)

For an example of the MID function, we’ll extract the name “Jane” from the text in the same cell.

=MID(A1,6,4)

In this MID example, a 6 for the start argument selects the 6th character from the left. Remember that all characters count, including spaces and punctuation. Then, a 4 for the length argument selects four characters.

Get the Length of a Text String: LEN and LENB

When you plan to do something specific with your data, such as copy and paste or export it for use elsewhere, you might need to be cautious about the character count. With LEN, you can get the number of characters in a text string, and with LENB, you can get the count in bytes.

The syntax for each is LEN(string) and LENB(string), where again, you can use a cell reference or text as the argument.

Here, we’ll get the character count for the text in cell A1 with this formula:

=LEN(A1)

With this formula, we’ll get the character count for the text in cell A1 but as bytes instead:

=LENB(A1)

Remove Extra Spaces: TRIM

If you need to clean up your data from leading, trailing, or miscellaneous extra spaces, you can use the TRIM function.

The syntax is TRIM(text), where you can use a cell reference or text for the argument.

Here, we’ll remove the spaces from the text string in cell A1 with this formula:

=TRIM(A1)

Next, we’ll remove extra spaces from the specific text “ Online Tech Tips” with this formula:

=TRIM( “Online Tech Tips”)

Tackle Your Text With Google Sheets Functions

Google Sheets offers many features for working with text. You can wrap text, change the format, hyperlink it, and more. However, when you have a lengthy dataset, the Google Sheets text functions can help you tackle your text changes quicker and more efficiently. Will you give one or two a try?

For related tutorials, look at how to use Google Sheets formulas for arrays.

About Line Numbers in Google Docs

There are a few things to remember when inserting line numbers in Google Docs.

• You can see the line numbers in blue on the left side of each line, including subtitles, headers, blank lines (after pressing Enter or Return), and in a table of contents or bibliography.
• You cannot change the style, color, or size of the line numbers as of this writing.
• You can use continuous numbering throughout the document, start fresh on each page, or number document sections.
• You can only use line numbers in the Pages format. If you use the Pageless format by default, you can switch by selecting File > Page setup > Pages.

How to Add Line Numbers in Google Docs

When you’re ready to insert line numbers, open your document in Google Docs on the web. The feature is not currently available on Android or iPhone’s Google Docs mobile app.

1. Select Tools in the menu and choose Line numbers.

2. When the sidebar opens on the right, check the box at the top for Show line numbers.

3. You should then see the blue numbers to the left of each line.

Tip: You can add line numbers in a Microsoft Word document too.

Customize Line Numbers in Google Docs

You’ll notice different options for your line numbers in Google Docs.

You can choose one of the Line Numbering Modes for how to number your document, including the entire document, or restarting at 1 on each page or section.

In the Apply To section, you can choose between the entire document or the section where your cursor is located.

The second option is grayed out if you don’t have designated sections in your document, which we’ll explain next.

How to Add Line Numbers to Sections

If you have a document where you only want to number lines in certain sections rather than the entire document, you’ll start by adding those sections.

1. Place your cursor where you want to create a new section.
2. Select Insert in the menu and move to Break. Choose the type of section you want to insert, whether continuous on the same page or a new page.

3. If you want to see the location of your section break, you can select View > Show non-printing characters in the menu.

4. Return to the Line Numbers sidebar. You can reopen it by selecting Tools > Line numbers if you’ve closed it.
5. Then, do one of the following depending on how you want to number the sections.

Restart in Each Section

Select Restart on each section below Line Numbering Mode to start each section at number 1.

Number the Current Section

Select This section below Apply To if you only want the line numbers in the section where your cursor is placed.

Then, place your cursor in each other section and uncheck the Show line numbers box in the sidebar.

You can follow these same steps to number other sections in your document the same way. Then, refer to the line you need by specifying the section and line number within it.

Tip: You can also add page numbers for references in your document.

Remove Line Numbers in Google Docs

If you want to remove the line numbers in your Google Docs document later, it’s as easy as unchecking a box.

Open the sidebar by selecting Tools > Line numbers. Uncheck the Show line numbers box at the top of the sidebar.

If you numbered particular sections, place your cursor in the section to display the marked checkbox and uncheck it.

For a simple way to reference specific lines, sentences, or paragraphs in your documents, you now know how to add line numbers in Google Docs. For related tutorials, look at how to remove section and page breaks too.

Here, we’ll show you how to translate a web page in Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Microsoft Edge, Safari, and Opera. For either the entire page or just a portion of it, you can read news, articles, and information in your native language or even in a language you’re learning.

Translate a Web Page in Google Chrome

The Google Chrome browser offers a built-in translation tool in the form of Google Translate, making web page translations a breeze.

1. When you visit a web page where a translation is available, you’ll see the Translate This Page button appear in the address bar.

2. Select the button and then your language to translate the page.

3. For additional tools, select the Translate Options button (three dots). You can then pick another language or choose to always or never translate the language or site.

Translate Part of a Web Page in Chrome

If you only want to translate certain text on a web page, this is another option in Google Chrome.

Select the text you want to translate by dragging your cursor through it. Then, right-click and pick Translate selection to [default language].

You’ll see a small window appear with the translation along with the option to translate the full page.

Translate a Web Page in Firefox

While Mozilla Firefox doesn’t have a built-in translation tool, it does offer an official extension called Firefox Translations. Once you enable the add-on, you can use it effortlessly to translate a web page.

1. Visit the add-ons page for Firefox Translations and select Enable.

2. You’ll then be directed to the extension’s options page for allowing data to be sent to Mozilla. Turn on the toggles for the options you want to use and you can then close the tab.

3. When you visit a web page that you want to translate, you’ll see a translation toolbar appear at the top. Select Translate to translate the page. Optionally, you can adjust the languages if needed or check the boxes for additional tools.

4. You can also open the Options menu for more settings.

Translate Part of a Web Page in Firefox

Maybe you only want to translate a portion of the selected text on the web page. With the Firefox Translations extension, it’s easy.

Select the text on the page you want to translate, right-click, and pick Translate with Firefox Translations.

You’ll then see the translation in a pop-up window where you also have the option to change the language(s).

Translate a Web Page in Microsoft Edge

Like Google Chrome, Microsoft Edge provides a built-in translation tool using Microsoft Translator which is similar to Google Translate.

1. To enable the feature, select the gear icon on the bottom right to open the Settings.

2. Choose Languages on the left of the subsequent screen and turn on the toggle for Offer to translate pages that aren’t in a language I read. Note that you can add and reorder your preferred languages directly above the toggle.

3. When you land on a web page where a translation is available, you’ll see the Show Translate Options button appear in the address bar.

4. Change your default language if necessary and pick Translate.

5. You can also select More to choose additional translation options.

Translate Part of a Web Page in Edge

With the built-in translator in Edge, you can also translate part of a web page.

Select the text you want to translate, right-click, and choose Translate selection to [default language].

You’ll then see that portion of the web page update, rather than a separate pop-up window, to display the translation.

Translate a Web Page in Safari

Another browser with its own translation feature is Apple’s Safari web browser.

1. To see if a translation is available for a website you’re visiting, hover your cursor over the Translate icon in the address bar. If applicable, you’ll see “Translation Available” appear.

2. Select the Translate icon and choose the translation language from your list of preferred options and you’ll then see the page update for you.

3. Select the Translate button to change the languages in your list and pick Preferred Languages.

4. Then, use the plus sign button at the bottom of the Preferred Languages list to add another or the minus sign button to remove one.

Translate Part of a Web Page in Safari

Like the browsers above, you can translate a portion of a web page in Safari as well.

Select the text, right-click, and choose Translate “[selected text].”

You’ll then see the translation in a pop-up window with options to hear the text spoken out loud or copy the translation.

Translate a Web Page in Opera

The Opera web browser doesn’t have a built-in translation tool or an official add-on. However, there are many translator extensions you can pick from with two popular options below.

Translator

Once you install the free Translator extension, you can translate an entire web page or a specific portion quickly.

To translate the current page, select the Translator button in your toolbar. In the pop-up window, optionally pick your language at the top and then use the link at the bottom for “Translate active page.”

To translate a part of the page instead, select the text with your cursor. Then, use the Translator button to view the translation in a pop-up window.

Google Translate

The Google Translate extension for Opera works similarly to the Translator option above. You can translate the whole page or just a certain part.

To translate the current page, use the keyboard shortcut Ctrl + Alt + P. You should then see the page translated and the translation toolbar appears at the top. Use the toolbar to choose a different language or view the original language.

To translate a portion of the page instead, select the text. Then, use the Google Translate button in the toolbar to see the translation in a pop-up window along with options to copy, listen, or change the text size.

Take Down the Language Barrier

There are plenty of terrific websites out there all over the world. Why stop visiting one because it’s in a language other than your own? Whichever browser on our list is your favorite, you have an easy way to translate a web page.

For more, look at language learning apps that can teach you to speak in a different dialect.

The Best Free Gmail Alternatives for Business or Personal Use

With these several solid Gmail alternatives, there’s bound to be one email app on this list that has the features you need.

1. Best for Microsoft Users: Outlook.com

You don’t have to be limited to a desktop email application just because you want to use Outlook instead of Gmail. Microsoft provides a web-based Outlook option at no charge, and you can log in with your existing Microsoft account.

If you do decide to use Microsoft Outlook on your desktop or mobile device later, you can simply use your Outlook.com account. Plus, you have a built-in calendar and address book for a handy organized package.

Notable Features

• Create inbox rules to manage incoming emails.
• Customize Quick Actions for those you use often.
• Request read receipts automatically or manually.
• Unsubscribe with a click.
• Set up both in-app and desktop notifications.

Outlook.com is available for free with an optional upgrade to Microsoft 365 for premium features including ad-free email, more OneDrive and email storage space, advanced security features, and more. Plans start at $1.99 per month.

2. Best for Apple Users: iCloud Mail

Like those who prefer Microsoft products, maybe you’re partial to Apple. In this case, iCloud Mail is the way to go. Even if you don’t have an iPhone or Mac, you can create a free iCloud account and use the mail service, along with other services, without spending a dime.

While iCloud Mail on the web may not be as full-featured as similar email clients, you can sync it with your Apple devices for a seamless transition.

Notable Features

• Set up automatic email forwarding.
• Create and manage email aliases.
• Schedule and compose an automatic reply.
• Create inbox rules for handling messages.
• Enable Mail Drop for sending large email attachments.

iCloud Mail is available for free with your Apple ID. You can opt for additional storage and features like a custom email domain, ability to hide your email address, and Private Relay with iCloud+. Plans start at $0.99 per month.

Tip: Learn how to access iCloud content on your Android device.

3. Best for Email Encryption: Proton Mail

Maybe what you want is an added sense of security with an encrypted email provider. Proton Mail is a private, independently audited service with open source end-to-end and zero-access encryption.

Even if your recipient doesn’t use Proton Mail, you can send password-protected messages. Additionally, Proton Mail blocks tracking pixels, hides your IP address, and keeps ads out of your way.

Notable Features

• Enable desktop notifications to stay up to date.
• Send password-protected messages that expire in 28 days or a custom timeframe you choose.
• Schedule emails to send later.
• Request read receipts.
• Create filters to manage your incoming messages.

Proton Mail is available for free with paid subscription plans for extra features like unlimited messages per day, a custom email domain, 15 GB of storage, unlimited folders, and more. Plans start at $3.49 per month.

4. Best for Privacy and Security: Tutanota

Another email service provider known for security is Tutanota. With end-to-end encryption, zero ads, and the option to remain anonymous with no phone number or personal data required, Tutanota is a secure email service you’ll want to explore.

Also open source like Proton Mail, Tutanota provides you with not only a secure mailbox, but an encrypted calendar, address book, inbox rules, and filters as well.

Notable Features

• Filter your inbox by read, unread, or messages with attachments.
• View email headers with a click.
• Easily export or download emails, your calendar, and your contacts.
• Merge similar contacts.
• Create repeating events.

Tutanota is available for free with optional paid subscription plans for features like 20 GB of storage, unlimited calendars, custom domains, calendar sharing, and more. Plans start at $3.85 per month.

5. Best for Extra Services: Mailfence

If one thing you like about Gmail is its connection to Google Calendar, Contacts, and Drive, then take Mailfence for a spin. Along with email, you can create events and manage your schedule, add or import your contacts, and upload and store documents.

You’ll receive all the basic email features you need including spam filters, the ability to create and use tags, and an archive. But of course, you can take advantage of bonus features too.

Notable Features

• Add other email accounts like Hotmail, Outlook, or Yahoo Mail for a unified inbox.
• Activate “Short Domain” for your @mailfence.com email address.
• Create email signatures and customizable templates.
• Set up two-factor authentication for added security.
• Add a personal key for secure emails.

Mailfence is available for free with optional paid subscription plans for features like aliases, email domains, filters, mobile sync, and more document storage. Plans start at $3.85 per month.

6. Best for Yahoo and AOL Fans: Mail.com

Whether you currently use or have previously used Yahoo or AOL for email, you’ll get the same familiar feel with Mail.com. Once you create your account and log in, you’ll see a handy list of services along the top of your personalized page.

You have the Cloud for storing files and photos, Contacts for your besties, and an Organizer for your calendar of events. You can also use the Online Office, play some Games, take advantage of the Translator, or visit the Blog.

Notable Features

• Use Quick Response to reply instantly without composing an entire email.
• Choose from attractive stationeries both with and without images.
• Pick from a variety of domain names per industry.
• Create inbox filter rules for better organization.
• Enable spam protection, virus protection, and manage both block and allow lists.

Mail.com is available for free with optional premium features including scheduling emails, read receipts, 12 GB of cloud storage, an ad-free inbox and more. Premium Mail is $9.99 for three months or $29.99 for 12 months.

Which Gmail Alternative Will You Pick?

Which email provider will you choose, and will you use the free version or opt for a premium plan? Let us know!

For more, look at how to automatically log out of your Gmail or Google account.

Note: Whether changing or resetting your current password, remember that the password must be at least six characters long and cannot be a previous password.

How to Change Your Slack Password

Whether you use Slack on your desktop, the web, or mobile device, you must still use a web browser to access your settings and change your password.

Access Account Settings on the Desktop or Web

1. In Slack on your desktop or the web, select your profile icon on the top right and choose Profile.

2. Select the three vertical dots and pick Account Settings in the drop-down menu.

You’ll then be directed to your default web browser.

Access Account Settings on Mobile

1. In Slack on Android or iPhone, select the You tab at the bottom. On iPad, tap your profile icon on the bottom left.
2. Select Preferences.
3. Choose Advanced and tap Account Settings.

You should see your web browser open to Slack.

Change Your Password

1. After you access your Slack Account Settings using one of the above methods, open the Settings tab and select Expand next to Password.

2. Enter your Current Password, your New Password, and pick Save Password.

3. You’ll then see a message that your password has been updated successfully.

You should also receive an email confirming that you changed your password.

How to Reset Your Slack Password

Maybe you’ve forgotten your password and are unable to sign into your Slack account. If you need to reset your password, you can do this just as easily. If you signed up for Slack using Apple or your Google account, you can also set a password for Slack using these steps.

Before you begin, make sure that you have access to the email address for your Slack account. Contact a workspace owner or admin if you need your email address changed.

1. Visit the Slack sign-in page, enter your email address, and choose Sign In With Email.

2. Check your inbox for an email from Slack containing a confirmation code. If you don’t see the email, be sure to check your spam or junk folder.

3. Enter that confirmation code on the subsequent Slack page.

4. You’ll then be signed into your Slack account. You can have Slack open the application automatically or continue to use Slack on the web.
5. Follow the same steps as above to access your Slack Account Settings.
6. On the Settings tab, select Expand next to Password, and pick Reset your password by email.

7. You’ll see a brief message at the top of the page letting you know that you’ll receive an email with a link to create a new password.

8. Head to your inbox for the email and select Choose a New Password or copy and paste the link provided near the bottom of the message into your browser’s address bar.

9. Enter a new password, confirm it, and select Change my password.

You’ll then be directed to open the Slack app or continue using Slack in your browser. You should also receive an email confirming that you’ve created a new password.

Tip: Check out these password managers to keep your accounts safe.

How to Reset Your Workspace Members’ Passwords

If you’re a Slack workspace owner or admin and want to reset the passwords for all members of your organization, this is doable. Maybe there was a security issue or you have several members who need their passwords reset.

When you reset your members’ passwords, you can also sign everyone out of their current Slack sessions at the same time if needed. Follow the steps below per your Slack plan.

Free, Pro, and Business+ Plans

Use the following steps if you have a free, Pro, or Business+ Slack plan.

1. Select your Slack workspace name on the top left to open the menu.
2. Move to Settings & administration and choose Workspace settings in the pop-out menu.

3. You’ll be directed to the Settings & Permissions Slack page in your web browser.
4. At the top of the page, open the Authentication tab.
5. Next to Forced Password Reset, select Expand.

6. Use the drop-down menu to pick one of the following:

• Sign everyone out of all apps: This signs all members out of Slack at the same time. They will not be able to sign into your Slack workspace until they change their password and should receive an email with instructions.
• Do NOT sign everyone out of all apps: This keeps all members signed in but sends them a Slackbot message that you want to reset their password. They will then receive an email from Slack with a password reset link.

7. After you choose an option, select Reset Passwords for All Workspace Members.

8. In the pop-up window, choose I’m sure to confirm and continue or Cancel if you change your mind.

Enterprise Grid Plan

If you have a Slack Enterprise Grid plan, follow these steps instead:

1. Select your Slack workspace name, move to Settings & administration, and choose Organization settings.
2. On the website, choose Security on the left and open the Security Settings tab.
3. Below Forced Password Reset, choose to reset everyone’s passwords with or without signing them out at the same time.
4. Pick Force Reset and let everyone know they should receive an email with instructions to sign back into Slack.

Get Back to Slack

While how to change your Slack password, or even reset it, isn’t obvious, you should now be able to get right back into your Slack workspace. For more, look at these tips and tricks for Slack beginners.

Create an Event From an Email

You have two simple ways to create a Google Calendar event from an email in Gmail. One method is ideal for when you’re composing a new message, while the second works well if you’re replying, forwarding, or composing a new email.

Create an Event From a Received Message

When you receive an email that prompts an event, you can set one up in Google Calendar in just a few steps.

1. Select the email in your inbox or open it in a new window.
2. Use the three vertical dots in the toolbar at the top to pick Create event.

3. When Google Calendar opens in a new tab, you’ll see the subject line of the email as the event title, the description as the message body, and the sender as a guest. You can edit the title, add more guests, and then complete the other event details as normal.

4. Select Save at the top to finish and share the event with the email sender and other guests.

Create an Event for a New Message, Reply, or Forward

If you’re composing a new message, replying, or forwarding an email, you can create a Google Calendar event easily.

1. At the bottom of the message window, select the Calendar icon or three vertical dots. Move to Set up a time to meet and pick Create an event.

2. You should then see a new event window on the right side of Gmail. If you’re replying to an email with the event, you’ll see the title as the email subject and the sender as a guest, and you can edit both. For a new message, create the event as you normally would with a title, the date and time, and the guests.

3. When you finish adding the event details, select Save at the bottom. If prompted to send the invitation email to the guest, choose Send or Don’t send per your preference.

4. Whether you choose Send or Don’t send above, the invitation will still appear inside the email window. You can then complete the message and send it like normal.

If you want to remove the event from the email, use the X in the top right corner.

Send Available Times and Create an Event

Another handy time-saving feature for scheduling events from Gmail allows you to send times that you’re available to your recipient. They can then select a time to create the event in Google Calendar.

The feature is available to all Google Workspace customers as well as those with personal Google accounts.

To use this scheduling option, here are a few things to keep in mind:

• The feature currently only works for one-on-one meetings.
• If you include multiple recipients, only the first person to respond will become an event guest.
• You can only use the feature for your primary Google Calendar, as of this writing.

Note that Google could update these limitations at any time.

Send Your Free Times

You can send selected times to your recipient in a new email, reply, or forward the same way.

1. Select the Calendar icon or three vertical dots at the bottom of the email window. Move to Set up a time to meet and pick Offer times you’re free.

2. You’ll see Google Calendar open in a sidebar on the right. At the bottom of the sidebar, use the first drop-down menu to pick a duration for your availability.

3. Choose Add a date and select the date from the pop-up calendar.

4. Pick the start and end times for the date you selected.
5. To add another timeframe for the same date, use the plus sign to the right.
6. To add availability for another date and time, select Add a date.
7. When you finish, choose Next at the bottom.

8. On the subsequent screen, add or edit the Event title and Event duration per your preference. You can also adjust or add more dates and times if needed.

9. To add a location or conferencing details, expand More Info and enter the information.
10. When you’re ready, select Add to email at the bottom of the sidebar.

11. You’ll then see the Proposed Times box within the Gmail message body. Simply complete your email and send it on its way.

Create the Event

After you follow the above steps to send available times to your recipient, they can select one of the date and time slots in the email to accept and schedule the event.

They’ll then see a pop-up message asking for their name and email address. They then select Confirm.

They’ll receive a confirmation message with the date and time, and you’ll get an email letting you know.

To accept the time they selected and save the event, select Yes. Alternatively, choose No to decline or Maybe if you’re unsure.

If you accept, you’ll see the event pop open in Google Calendar, saved and confirmed.

Gmail Makes Scheduling Simple

Whether you create your event from an email you’re composing or reply to a recipient with your available times, the integration with Gmail and Google Calendar makes scheduling a breeze.

For more, look at these pro tips for using Google Calendar.

You can use Canva Docs as a standalone application to create things like a report, proposal, schedule, or press release. Better yet, use it in conjunction with your other creations for a consistent style across documents, presentations, banners, infographics, and anything else you design.

Here’s everything you need to know to create your first Canva Doc.

Get Started With Canva Docs

Canva Docs is free to use, just like Canva’s other design tools. There are; however, certain features that are only available with Canva Pro like premium templates, photos, videos, and similar elements.

You can head directly to the Canva Docs website and select Create a Doc to get started.

Alternatively, visit the Canva homepage and choose Docs at the top below the search box and then Doc below Start Writing. Notice that you can also choose Docs to Decks which allows you to create document content and transform it into a presentation.

Sign into your Canva account when prompted and then get to work on your document.

Use a Canva Docs Template

Just like Google Docs and Microsoft Word, you can get a jumpstart on your project with a template. Canva Docs offers tons of options for many personal and business documents.

Select Templates on the left side. You can then choose See all next to Doc Templates to view the entire gallery or browse the single-page themed headings beneath. You can also use the categories at the top or the Search box for a specific template.

If you see a template or header you want to use, simply select it to apply it to your document on the right.

Whether you start with a template or from scratch, you can use the same customization options for your Canva Doc. Insert elements like tables, charts, or graphics, upload your own images or videos, and customize the text with styles, colors, formats or lists.

Insert Document Elements

You have two ways to insert items in your document.

One way is to use the sidebar on the left. Select Elements to add a table, chart, graphic, photo, or video or Uploads to use an image or video from your device or social media account. Either choose the item or use drag-and-drop to place it in your document.

The second way to add elements is using the Add Magic icon (plus sign) directly on the document.

When you select that icon, you’ll see a list of elements and text formatting tools you can use. If you have Canva Pro, you can take advantage of Magic Write, Canva’s AI writing tool.

Once you insert the item you want, you can customize it. Depending on the element you’re using, you have different options.

Add and Customize Text

To insert text, select the Add Magic icon and choose a heading, subheading, or body text. You can also insert a checklist, bulleted list, or numbered list.

To customize the text, select it and use the options in the toolbar at the top for the font style, size, color, format, spacing, and alignment.

Add and Customize Tables

To insert a basic table with a specific number of columns and rows, select the Add Magic icon, choose Table, and use the grid to create the table.

To insert a preformatted table, select Elements > Tables > See all in the sidebar. Then, choose one of the options.

Once you insert your table, you can add your items to the cells as you would with a table in Google Docs or Microsoft Word. You can also add or remove rows and columns, merge cells, and move rows and columns.

1. Select a cell in the row or column and use the three dots to choose an action.

2. You can quickly add a row or column by selecting the plus sign at the top or left side of the table.

3. Finally, you can resize rows or columns by dragging the double-sided arrow that appears between them.

4. For actions that apply to the entire table, select the table and then use the three dots in the floating toolbar.

Add and Customize Charts

If you’re creating a company report or business proposal, you may want to add a chart to your document. You can insert a bar, column, line, line and dot, interactive, or pie chart.

To insert a basic pie, bar, or line chart, select the Add Magic icon and choose the chart you want.

To insert a different chart or style, select Elements > Charts > See all in the sidebar. Then, choose one of the options.

Once you insert the chart, you can add the data, adjust the settings, and customize it.

1. Select the chart and use the Data tab in the sidebar to replace the sample data with your own. You can also expand Add Data at the bottom to upload a CSV file or import a chart from Google Sheets.

2. Then, use the Settings tab in the sidebar to show or hide the legend, labels, and grid lines.

3. To adjust the chart colors, spacing, markers, or certain chart elements, use the toolbar at the top.

4. For additional actions, select the chart and then use the three dots in the floating toolbar.

View Document Statistics

If you’re working on a document for school or creating an article, you may need to see the word count or read time.

Select the Insights button (graph) on the top right. You’ll then see your document statistics on the Overview tab.

If you have Canva Pro, you can also use the Views, Engagements, and Collaboration tabs and features.

Tip: Wondering if you should subscribe to Canva Pro? Check out our article to see if Canva Pro is worth the price.

Share or Download Your Document

Like other Canva creations, you can share a Canva Doc with team members or coworkers.

Select Share on the top right. You can then add people, copy a link, or get the embed code. You can also choose Download to save your document as a PDF.

Additionally, you can use the File menu on the top left to rename the document, save it to a folder, or download it.

Will You Try Canva Docs?

Canva Docs makes document creation easy with its visual editor. For existing Canva users, you can carry your style across designs and documents. For those new to Canva, you can explore the document features that put this tool in the running with Google Docs and Microsoft Word.

Are you going to give Canva Docs a try? If so, let us know what you think of it.

What makes Canva an appealing option, aside from its existing feature set, is that it offers vision board templates. This saves you time from creating a vision board from scratch but also allows you to customize your board most any way you like.

If you’re ready to get creative and have fun turning your long-term goals, life-long dreams, and current desires into a visual representation, here’s how to make a vision board on Canva.

Browse the Canva Vision Board Templates

By using a Canva template to create your vision board, you can start with a basic design and then customize it from there. This gives you more time to focus on the elements you want to include rather than the structure.

Luckily, Canva offers so many free vision board templates that you’ll probably see one you like without browsing the entire set. Here’s how to check out the template collection and filter the options.

Find a Vision Board Template

1. To browse the templates, visit the Vision Board Templates page on Canva. You can log into your Canva account before or after you find a template.

2. You’ll see a whopping number of templates but can use the filters to narrow down your options. Select All Filters on the left side.

3. Check the boxes for the options you want to use in the sidebar. For instance, you can filter by style, price, or color. Select Apply at the bottom of the sidebar to view your updated results.

4. When you see a template that interests you, you can see a preview of it. Select the three dots on the top right of the template’s image and choose Preview this template.

5. You’ll then see a larger view and full details including the dimensions, color scheme, and fonts. To use the template, select Customize this template on the top right.

If you want to jump right in without the preview, you can also choose Customize this template from the results page using the three dots on the top right of the image.

Once you pick a template, it’ll open in Canva’s editor, ready for you to start customizing it.

Canva Vision Board Templates

If you’d like a few suggestions, the free vision board templates below are gorgeous options. They each offer something a little different than the others, so take a look — one might just be perfect for you.

Neutral and Minimalist Vision Board Template

A terrific way to see your vision board each day is to use it as a computer desktop wallpaper. This Neutral and Minimalist Vision Board Desktop Wallpaper template is ideal for that as well as for those who want photos as the main focus.

Its dimensions are 1920 by 1080 pixels, it offers an earthy color palette with shades of brown, and uses the Gatwick Light casual font.

Vision Board Collage Scrapbooking Template

If you prefer a simple landscape style board that you can save and open when you please, check out this Vision Board Collage Scrapbooking template. It gives you spots for both images and text but also includes decorative elements.

You can use the two different font styles to make certain text pop and take advantage of the sectioned layout for the family, business, hobbies, and “My self” areas of your life.

Brown & Cream Watercolor Vision Board Template

Maybe you’d like a vision board that has a neat and tidy appearance. This Brown & Cream Watercolor Vision Board template lets you include six images and corresponding text for each.

With a simple watercolor style, the brown, beige, and gray color palette compliments the board nicely. The template gives your board a minimalistic style with just the right number of elements.

Brown Aesthetic Moodboard Photo Collage Template

Want to make a poster size vision board? This Brown Aesthetic Moodboard Photo Collage template provides plenty of space for your dreams and goals with images, text, quotes, and affirmations.

Another template with an earthy tone palette, the images and color blocks you include make up the background, for a complete visual. This option also offers 10 unique fonts to work with which is great for a mix of styles.

White Grey Minimalist Vision Board Template

One more attractive suggestion is this White Grey Minimalist Vision Board template. What makes this one stand out is the look of the hand drawn hearts, stars, and scribbles.

You can include five images and use the attached torn papers for your text. These give the board a casual and almost whimsical feel.

Customize Your Vision Board

Once you pick a template, the fun part begins. You can swap out the images for your own, replace the sample text, remove items you don’t want, and add those that you do.

For this, we’ll use the White Grey Minimalist template shown above.

Add Images

You can upload photos you’ve saved or check out Canva’s images for one that fits.

To upload your own images, select Uploads on the left. Use the three dots to the right of Upload files to pick one from your computer, Facebook, Google Drive, Instagram, or Dropbox.

To use a Canva image, select Elements on the left. Move down to Photos and use the arrow to scroll right or choose See all to view more images at once.

1. To swap out an image, select the image on the board and use the Delete icon (trash can) and pick Delete image in the floating toolbar.

2. Select or drag the image you want to use to place it on the board.

3. You can drag an edge of your image to resize it especially if it’s extremely large. Once you get it to the approximate size, drag it to the image placeholder and it should snap right in at the correct size automatically.

Replace and Add Text

For the sample text on the template, you can simply select the text inside the box and type your own.

To add more text, select Text in the sidebar. You can then choose a style, font combination, or simply add an empty box and enter your text.

To change the font style, size, color, format, or add an effect, select the text box and use the editing tools at the top.

Add, Remove, or Rearrange Elements

You can add any item you like to your vision board and actually, you should. Whether another image, a sticker or graphic, or a frame or shape, use the Canva library in the sidebar to choose the item you want. Then, select or drag it to the board.

To remove an existing item or one you’ve added, select it and use the Delete icon in the floating toolbar.

If you want to place elements in different spots, it’s as easy as drag-and-drop. Select the item and drag it to the location you want. As you drag, you’ll see colored guides that can help you line up the item with the others.

Save or Share Your Canva Vision Board

If you want to hold onto your completed board or even share it with your bestie, this is easy to do. Select the Share button on the top right to download or share the board.

To save the vision board as an image on your device, choose Download. Then, pick the File type, adjust the Size, and optionally mark the additional settings.

To share the board on social media, choose Share on social. Then, pick the service such as Instagram, Facebook, TikTok, or Pinterest.

To share the board using another avenue, choose More. Then, pick a sharing option at the top like a view-only link or embed or use one of the additional listed social or messaging services.

For goal setting, visual motivation, or affirmations for a new year, making your own vision board is a wonderful and creative outlet. Enjoy putting yours together.

Now that you know how to make a digital vision board on Canva, why not check out these online whiteboards for brainstorming ideas too? Canva is on the list!

How to Enter Full Screen in Chrome

You have a few different ways to enter full screen in the Google Chrome web browser.

Use the Chrome Menu

Chrome gives you a built-in feature for entering full screen mode that you can use on both Windows and Mac.

Select the Customize and Control Google Chrome icon (three dots) near the top right of the browser window.

Next to Zoom, choose the Full Screen Mode button (empty square).

You should then see Chrome fill your entire screen.

Use the Full Screen or Maximize Button

Windows and Mac each provide a full screen, or maximize, button in your application windows. You can then enter full screen mode with a single click.

On Windows, the Maximize button (square) is in the top-right corner. You can also right-click the top bar and choose Maximize. Note that this option keeps the Task Bar in view.

On Mac, the Enter Full Screen button (green with diagonal arrows) is on the top left. You can also hold the button and choose Enter Full Screen in the drop-down menu.

Use a Keyboard Shortcut

If you like using keyboard shortcuts to perform actions, you can use one to enter full screen mode in Chrome as well.

• On Windows, use the F11 key.
• On Mac, use the key combination Control + Command + F or Fn + F.

Use the Mac Menu Bar

On Mac, you have one additional way to enter full screen mode in Chrome. Go to the menu bar and select View > Enter Full Screen.

How to Exit Full Screen in Chrome

Just like entering full screen mode in Chrome, you can exit it a variety of ways on Windows and Mac.

Use the Chrome Menu

Select the three dots near the top right of the Chrome window and choose the Exit Full Screen Mode icon next to Zoom.

Note: If you don’t see the Chrome toolbar in full screen mode on Windows, move your cursor to the top and select the X when it appears at the top of the screen.

Use the Exit Full Screen Mode Button

On Windows, use the Restore Down button (square) on the top right or right-click the top bar and pick Minimize.

On Mac, use the Exit Full Screen button (green) on the top left or hold the button and choose Exit Full Screen.

Use a Keyboard Shortcut or the Menu Bar

You can use the same keyboard shortcut to exit full screen in Google Chrome as you do to enter it.

• On Windows, use the F11 key.
• On Mac, use the key combination Control + Command + F or Fn + F.

Additionally, you can select View > Exit Full Screen in the Mac menu bar.

Entering and exiting full screen mode in the Chrome browser is simple enough and with various ways to do it, you can use whichever method is quickest or easiest for you.

For more, look at our list of ways to customize Google Chrome.

Once dubbed the “multi-send” feature, mail merge in Gmail lets you insert Google Contacts or a mailing list from Google Sheets. Then, personalize your email message with merge tags, include unique unsubscribe links, and enjoy a simple bulk email process using your favorite email application.

About Mail Merge in Gmail

Let’s take a look at the Google account requirements, sending limits, and other details surrounding mail merge in Gmail.

• Mail merge is available to Google Workspace subscribers including Workspace Individual, Business Standard and Plus, Enterprise Starter, Standard, and Plus, and Education Standard and Plus.
• Supported Google Workspace accounts have a daily limit of 2,000 outgoing emails. With mail merge, you’re allowed to email up to 1,500 recipients which leaves you 500 for other emails.
• You can only add one recipient to the CC or BCC field using mail merge. Just keep in mind that this sends an email to that address for each recipient in the To field. For example, if you send a mail merge to 100 recipients, the address in the CC field receives 100 copies of that email.
• You can include attachments using mail merge; however, this counts toward your storage space. For instance, if you send a 1MB attachment to 100 recipients, you’ll use 100MB of space.
• Each message contains a unique auto-generated Unsubscribe link at the bottom in case that particular recipient no longer wants to receive your emails.
• If a recipient has previously unsubscribed from your messages and you include them in a mail merge, you’ll see a notification after you send the email with the number of recipients who won’t receive the message.
• You cannot use mail merge for replies or forwards or when you schedule emails or use confidential mode.

How to Add Recipients to Mail Merge in Gmail

While you can select the recipients for your email after you compose your message, it’s best to select them beforehand when using mail merge. This then prompts you with the available merge tags to personalize the message.

Add Recipients From Google Contacts

To get started using your Google Contacts as recipients, follow these steps.

1. Choose Compose on the top left to create a new email. Use the Show main menu icon (three lines) if you don’t see Compose.

2. In the Compose window, select the Use mail merge icon (contact symbol) on the far right of the To field and check the box for Mail Merge.

3. You can then begin typing the names of your recipients and select them from the suggestions or select the To link and choose recipients from the Select Contacts window.

Add Recipients From Google Sheets

To insert recipients from Google Sheets, begin by making sure your sheet is set up correctly.

• All recipient information must be on the first tab of the spreadsheet.
• Each recipient and their details must be in a separate row.
• Use text-only column headers to designate the merge tags. If a header contains a special character, the merge tag is identified by the column letter instead, for example, @A for column A.

If your sheet is ready to go, choose Compose on the top left in Gmail to create the message.

1. Select the Use mail merge icon on the far right of the To field and check the box for Mail Merge. Then, select Add from a spreadsheet.

2. In the window that appears, use the Google Drive tabs at the top to locate and choose the Google Sheet. Then, select the Insert button on the bottom right.

3. In the subsequent window, use the drop-down boxes to choose the column names containing the recipients’ details for the merge tags. Note that you may only see drop-down boxes for Email, First Name, and Last Name; however, you will see merge tags available in the email for the other details in your sheet.

4. Select Finish and you’ll return to the Compose window with the name of the sheet in the To field.

Tip: If your recipient list is in Excel, look at ways to convert the Excel file to Google Sheets for the mail merge.

How to Use Merge Tags in Your Email

Once you have your recipients added to the mail merge, you’ll have the merge tags available to use.

As of this writing:

• If you add recipients from Google Contacts, you can use tags for first, last, or full name as well as email address.

• If you add recipients from Google Sheets, you can use tags for the column headers in your spreadsheet.

Add a Merge Tag

To add a tag to your email, type the @ (At) symbol with the tag name or select the tag from the drop-down list that appears.

You can add the tags to most anyplace in your message except for the email subject line and within hyperlinked text.

Preview a Merge Tag

If you’re curious how the details display after inserting a merge tag, you can easily see a preview.

1. Hover over a merge tag in your message and select Preview.

2. You’ll then see a window appear showing each recipient and their corresponding detail for that tag. If you have many recipients, you can use the Search at the top to find them.

3. Select OK when you finish, and you’ll return to the Compose window.

Include a Default Value for a Merge Tag

You can also set default values to the merge tags. This is helpful if a recipient is missing the detail you’re trying to add. For example, if you insert the First Name merge tag and a recipient doesn’t have a first name listed, you can use a default word or phrase instead.

To add a default value, hover over the merge tag in your email and choose Set default value.

Add the word or phrase in the box that appears and select Save.

For any recipient missing the information, the merge tag in the email will be replaced with the default value.

Preview and Send Your Email

When you finish creating your mail merge in Gmail, you’ll be able to preview the email before you send it. This allows you to see the email as your recipients will so that if you need to make any changes, you can do so before hitting the Send button.

1. When you’re ready, select Continue at the bottom of the Compose window.

2. You’ll see a pop-up message with brief details about junk mail when sending mass emails. Select Learn more for additional information and then Got it to continue.

3. Next, you’ll see another pop-up window showing you the number of recipients you’re sending the email to and an option to see a preview. Select Send preview.

You’ll receive an email labeled “Test message” to your inbox within a few minutes. The merge tags will be populated with the first recipient on your list or the default value if applicable.

Once you review the preview, you can return to the Compose window to make any adjustments you like. When you’re ready to send the email, follow these same steps and choose Send all in the Ready to Send window.

You can find the mail merge emails you send in your Sent folder like any other email sent.

Make Emails Easy With Gmail Mail Merge

When you need to send a newsletter, announcement, or other email to a mass, remember the mail merge functionality in Gmail. With the ability to insert contacts from Google Sheets, use merge fields for personalized emails, and preview the message before you send it, all without a third-party mail merge add-on, the process couldn’t be easier.

For related tutorials with other apps, look at how to create a mail merge in Microsoft Word for printed messages rather than email marketing.

Using Google Workspace, you can transcribe Google Meet calls into Google Docs easily. From there, simply open the document, download it, or share it with those who couldn’t attend.

About Google Meet Transcriptions

Before you get started with transcriptions in Google Meet, please review the following requirements and details.

• You must have a supported Google Workspace edition: Business Standard or Plus, Enterprise, Teaching and Learning Upgrade, or Education Plus.
• You can only use the feature in Google Meet on your desktop or computer, not the mobile app.
• The transcription feature is enabled in Google Workspace by default; however, you’ll need to start it for each meeting (described below).
• To allow others to use the transcription feature, you must turn on Google Drive and grant permission to create new files in Drive for those users. Sign into the Google Admin console and go to Apps > Google Workspace> Drive and Docs to review or enable these settings.

• Transcriptions automatically save to the Meet Recordings folder in Google Drive, so you must have enough available storage space in Drive for the transcriptions.
• The meeting organizer, transcription initiator, and meeting hosts automatically have access to edit the transcription document. However, if the meeting has fewer than 200 invitees, everyone has Edit access.

Start Transcription During a Google Meet Meeting

When you’re ready to transcribe a meeting in Google Meet, it takes only a few steps to start. You might also consider letting your participants know before the meeting begins that you’ll be transcribing it.

1. Select the Activities icon (shapes) in the lower right corner and pick Transcripts in the sidebar that displays.

2. Choose Start transcription on the subsequent screen.

3. Read the details in the pop-up window regarding notifying participants that you’re transcribing the meeting and select Start to continue.

4. When your participants land on the screen to join the meeting, they’ll see a message that the call is being transcribed.

5. Additionally, everyone should see the Transcription icon on the top left of the meeting window.

To stop the transcription at any time during the meeting, select the Activities > Transcripts and choose Stop transcription.

You do not have to stop the transcription when the meeting ends. You can simply leave the meeting as normal and the transcript saves automatically.

Access Google Meet Transcripts

You have a few different ways to access the Google Meet transcript. You can open it using the email link, calendar event, or directly in Google Drive or Google Docs.

Here are a couple of things to keep in mind:

• In most cases, you can access the transcript within a few hours after the meeting ends; however, it can take up to 24 hours.
• Remember that the transcript is computer generated, so you may see minor errors.

Access the Transcript Via Email

After the meeting, you’ll receive an email to your connected Gmail account with the transcript as will the host, co-host, and transcript initiator. You can then either select the attachment or the link to open the transcript in Google Docs.

Access the Transcript in Google Calendar

If the meeting was organized using Google Calendar, the transcript is conveniently attached to the calendar event with the same name as the event.

If you select the meeting on the main Google Calendar page, you’ll see the transcript in the Attachments section.

If you open the event detail page, you’ll see the transcript attached to the Description section.

Choose the attachment to open the transcript in Google Docs.

Note: For recurring meetings, the transcription is attached to the calendar event each time.

Access the Transcript in Google Drive

You can also visit Google Drive to open the transcript document. If you didn’t organize the meeting through Google Calendar, the file name will be the meeting code with the date and time.

When you sign into Google Drive, you may see the transcript in the Suggested section at the top of My Drive.

Alternatively, open the Meet Recordings folder and select the transcript to open it in Google Docs.

You can also use the Search feature or one of these ways to find a file in Google Drive.

Access the Transcript in Google Docs

Finally, you’ll see the transcript right in Google Docs and can open it from there too.

Sign into Google Docs and you’ll see the transcript at the top when you sort by date.

If you prefer, you can use the Search box at the top. Enter “transcript” and choose the document from the results.

Disable Transcriptions in Google Workspace

If you want to disable the transcription feature later, you can turn it off if you have any of the supported Google Workspace plans except for Business Standard.

Sign into the Google Admin console and go to Apps > Google Workspace > Google Meet.

Open the Meet video settings and select Meeting transcripts to turn off the feature.

When you want to log everything said during a meeting, keep in mind that you can transcribe Google Meet calls into Google Docs in just a few steps. The transcribed file makes an excellent reference for everyone.

For more, look at how to record a Google Meet.

What Does Pinned Mean on TikTok?

Pinning to most means saving an item to the top of your list. You’ll see the feature on other social media platforms like Instagram. Instagram users can pin a comment or post to make it the first one you see.

Following this same theory, you can pin one of your TikTok videos to place that clip at the top of your profile. When a follower views your profile, they see that video you’ve pinned right at the top along with a “Pinned” indicator in red.

As of this writing, the ability to pin TikTok comments is no longer available. If you long-press a comment to select Pin from the pop-up menu, you’ll notice the option is missing.

It’s difficult to determine exactly when TikTok removed the feature; however, it’s been discussed on websites like Reddit, Quora, and even TikTok itself.

The reason the Pin feature was removed isn’t clear either. Some believe it was to reduce harassing, negative, or malicious comments. However, TikTok hasn’t confirmed this nor provided a concrete reason (as of yet).

Luckily, you do still have the ability to pin a TikTok video, so let’s take a long at how to do so.

How to Pin a Video on TikTok

If you want to make sure other TikTok users see your favorite videos or those you’re most proud of, you can pin up to three. Should you want to pin another, you’ll need to first unpin a video (explained below) and then pin the next one.

Additionally, the Pin feature is only available in the TikTok mobile app. It’s not yet a feature you can use on the TikTok website on your computer.

1. Open the TikTok app on your Android or iOS device and select the Profile tab.
2. Play the video you want to pin.
3. Use the three dots on the right to open the menu and choose Pin in the bottom row.

You’ll see a brief message at the top that you’ve pinned the video. When you return to your profile page, you’ll see the video at the top of your list and the Pinned indicator on it in red.

How to Unpin a Video on TikTok

If you decide later you want to remove a video from the top of your list or prefer to pin a different one and have reached the three-video limit, you can unpin a pinned video.

Follow the same steps as above to launch the TikTok app, play the video, and open the three-dot menu. Then, choose Unpin.

You’ll see a message that the video has been unpinned. When you view your TikTok profile, the Pinned indicator no longer appears and the video returns to its original spot in your list.

Will You Add a TikTok Pin?

Pinning a video on TikTok is simple and can ensure your followers easily spot those videos you want them to see most. As far as pinning comments, maybe the feature will resurface on TikTok in the future. What are your thoughts on the TikTok pin feature?

Now that you know how to pin a video on TikTok, check out our tutorial for using text to speech on TikTok.

Instead of hassling with add-ons or third-party apps, you can improve your workflow when creating various types of documents with the Variable Smart Chip functionality.

Note: As of this writing, the Variable Smart Chip is available to Google Workspace Business Standard and Plus, Enterprise Standard and Plus, Education Plus, and Nonprofit customers. Hopefully, Google will bring the feature to personal Google accounts at some point.

About Variable Smart Chips

As mentioned, the Variable Smart Chip is a text placeholder that you can insert in your document. This is ideal for text you want someone else to add like first or last name, address, or phone number. You can also use Variables for things you need to add but are waiting for like a product title, date, or website address.

Whether you use Variables for yourself or another you’re sharing with, they allow you to create your document and add those items later.

Once you add a Variable, you can assign its value, the text, at any time. Then, every spot you use the Variable in the document updates with that value.

Let’s look at how to insert and use Variables in Google Docs with a couple of examples.

How to Insert a Variable Smart Chip

To add a Variable Smart Chip to your document, follow these simple steps.

1. Place your cursor where you want it and then do one of the following:
2. Select Insert > Smart chips and choose Variables in the pop-out menu.
3. Type the @ (At) symbol and choose Variable from the drop-down menu.

4. In the small window that appears, select Insert new variable.

5. Give your Variable a name in the subsequent pop-up window. You can also use the default naming convention, Variable 1, Variable 2, and so on. Select Create.

6. You’ll then see the Variable with its name in your document and in the Variables sidebar that opens on the right.

You can add more Variables for other items to your document the same way. Just keep in mind that the additional Variables should be used for different items. For example, you can create one Variable for name and a second Variable for address.

Reuse a Variable Smart Chip

The purpose of the Variable is to place it in your document where you need it and then update it with its value when you’re ready.

To insert the same Variable in another location, do one of the following:

• Select Insert > Smart chips, choose Variables, and pick the Variable name from the pop-up list.
• Type the @ (At) symbol, choose Variable, and pick the Variable name from the pop-up list.
• Open the Variables sidebar, hover over the Variable you want to use, and select Insert.

Assign a Value to a Variable

Once you add a Variable to your document, you can assign its value at any time. The value is the text you want to use. You can do this in the Variable itself or in the sidebar.

Add Text Using the Variable

To assign a value to the Variable in-place, select the Variable and enter the text you want to use. This automatically saves the value to that Variable.

Add Text Using the Sidebar

To assign a value in the Variables sidebar, either select the Variable and use the Open in sidebar icon in the toolbar that appears or go to Tools > Variables in the menu.

Select No value below the Variable name. You’ll see the Variable in your document empty and ready for you to enter the text. Once you do, use Enter or Return to save it.

After you assign a value to your Variable, you’ll see this update in every location you place the Variable in your document, which is the intent of the Smart Chip.

Rename a Variable

Because the default names for Variables are not obvious, you may want to give them more meaningful names. This is especially helpful if you create several Variables for your document.

Open the Variables sidebar, hover your cursor over the Variable you want to rename, and select the Edit name icon (pencil).

When the rename pop-up appears, give it a new name and select Save.

You’ll then see the updated name in the sidebar, list of variables to insert, and inside the Variable itself until you assign its value.

Remove a Variable

If you decide you no longer want to use a Variable, you can delete it. Keep in mind that this will remove the Variable, and its value if assigned, from every location in your document.

Open the Variables sidebar, hover your cursor over the Variable you want to remove, and select the Delete variable definition icon (trash can).

In the confirmation pop-up, select Delete to remove the Variable.

Example Uses for Variables in Google Docs

If you’re wondering how to use Variables for your own purposes, we have a couple of examples.

Marketing Copy

Here, we’re creating a document for our client’s new product. We don’t have the product name or the website address yet, so we insert Variables for those two items instead. With the Variables sidebar open, you can see them with blue borders throughout the text.

Once our client provides us these details, we simply assign the values to the Variables and our document automatically updates. Those variables then display the text and gray borders.

When you close the Variables sidebar, you’ll notice those Variables look just like the rest of the text without any borders.

Shared Documents

In this next example, we have a document we want someone else to complete with their details. We set up Variables for first name, last name, address, phone number, and date.

When we share the document, the recipient simply selects each Variable and enters their information. The Variables that are used more than once update automatically.

We then have our completed document where the Variables appear like any other text.

Note: If you share a document using Variables with more than one person, the assigned values will update with each change. To avoid this, you may ask each of your recipients to make a copy for their changes.

Save Time, Minimize Errors, and Organize

Google has introduced several new Smart Chips in the last year since the introduction of the Smart Canvas feature. You can add a calendar event using a Date chip, link to a file name with the File chip, and include contact details with the People chip.

Now, you can save time from typing the same text over and over as well as reduce the risk of typos and organize your document using the Variable Smart Chip in Google Docs. Keep this handy feature in mind for your next document.

For more ways to save time in Google apps, look at how to use a drop-down list in Google Sheets.

Here, we’ll walk through several cool Google Sheets features that might just become your fast favorites. Head to Google Sheets, sign in with your Google account, and try out some of these hidden gems.

1. Extract Data From a Smart Chip

If you’ve taken advantage of the Smart Chips in Google’s apps, then you’ll be happy to know you can do even more with them. After you insert a Smart Chip, you can extract data from it and place it in your sheet, making chips even more useful.

You can currently extract data from People, File, and Calendar Event Smart Chips. This includes name and email, owner and filename, and summary and location.

1. After you insert a Smart Chip, hover your cursor over it, select it, or right-click. Then, choose Data extractions.

2. When the sidebar opens, use the Extract tab to mark the checkboxes for those items you want to extract.

3. Use the Extract to field to enter or select the sheet location where you want the data.

4. Pick Extract and you’ll see your data display in your selected location.

If you need to refresh the extracted data, you can use the Refresh & manage tab in the sidebar.

2. Create a QR Code

QR codes are popular ways to share information, direct people to your website, and even provide discounts. By creating your own QR code in Google Sheets without add-ons or third-party tools, you or your collaborators can quickly take action.

To make the QR code, you’ll use the Google Sheets IMAGE function and a link to Google’s root URL: https://chart.googleapis.com/chart?.

Here, we’ll link to the website in cell A1 using the formula below. Place the formula in the cell where you want the QR code.

=IMAGE(“https://chart.googleapis.com/chart?chs=500×500&cht=qr&chl=”&ENCODEURL(A1))

Use the following arguments to build your formula:

• CHS argument: Define the dimensions of the QR code in pixels (chs=500×500).
• CHT argument: Specify a QR code (cht=qr).
• CHL argument: Choose the URL data (chl=”&ENCODEURL(A1)).

Then, use the ampersand operator (&) to connect the arguments.

Once you see the code, you may need to resize the row and/or column to view its full size. Then, scan the QR code to make sure it works as you expect.

You can also use optional arguments for encoding the data in a particular way or assigning a correction level. For more on these arguments, check out the Google Charts Infographics reference page for QR codes.

3. Insert a Drop-Down List

Drop-down lists are terrific tools for data entry. By selecting an item from a list, you can make sure you’re entering the data you want and can reduce errors at the same time.

Since the introduction of drop-down lists in Sheets, the feature has been enhanced to give you a simpler way to create and manage these helpful lists.

1. Insert a drop-down list by doing one of the following:
2. Select Insert > Dropdown from the menu.
3. Right-click and choose Dropdown.
4. Type the @ (At) symbol and choose Dropdowns in the Components section.

5. You’ll then see the Data Validation Rules sidebar open. Enter the location for the list in the Apply to range box and confirm that Dropdown is selected in the Criteria drop-down menu.

6. Then, add your list items in the Option boxes and optionally select colors for them to the left.

7. To display help text, pick the action for invalid data, or choose the display style, expand the Advanced Options section.

8. When you finish, select Done. Then, use your new drop-down list to enter data in your sheet.

4. Validate an Email Address

When you have a spreadsheet that contains email addresses, whether Gmail, Outlook, or something else, you may want to make sure they’re valid. While Sheets doesn’t show you if an address is legitimate, it does show you if it’s formatted correctly with the @ (At) symbol and a domain.

1. Select the cell(s) you want to check and go to Data > Data validation in the menu.

2. When the Data Validation Rules sidebar opens, select Add rule, confirm or adjust the cells in the Apply to range field, and choose Text is valid email in the Criteria drop-down box.

3. Optionally select the Advanced Options such as showing help text, displaying a warning, or rejecting the input. Pick Done to save and apply the validation rule.

You can then test the validation and options by entering an invalid email address.

5. Make a Custom Function

Are you a fan of using functions and formulas in Google Sheets? If so, why not create your own? Using the Custom Function feature, you can set up your own function and reuse it whenever you like.

1. Select Data > Named functions from the menu.

2. In the Named Functions sidebar that opens, use Add new function at the bottom to create your custom function. You can also look at an example, watch the demonstration, or find out more about the feature.

3. Enter the function name, description, and optionally argument placeholders. Enter the formula you want to use to define the function and select Next.

4. Check out the Function preview and either select Back to make changes or Create to save the new function. Notice you can also add optional arguments if necessary.

5. You’ll then see the function in the sidebar list. Enter it into a cell in your sheet to test it out.

If you need to make edits, reopen the Named Functions sidebar, select the three dots to the right of the function, and pick Edit.

6. Use a Slicer to Filter a Chart

Charts give you handy and effective ways to display your data. Using a slicer, you can filter the data that displays in the chart. This is convenient for reviewing specific portions of the chart data when needed.

Insert a Slicer

After you insert your chart, select it and go to Data > Add a slicer in the menu.

When the sidebar opens, open the Data tab, confirm the Data Range at the top, and then pick the Column to use for the filter.

You’ll see the slicer appear as a black rounded rectangle which you can move or resize as you please.

Use a Slicer

Once you have your slicer, select the Filter button on the left or drop-down arrow on the right. Then, select the data you want to see in the chart which places checkmarks next to those items.

Select OK and you’ll see your chart update immediately.

To return your chart to the original view showing all data, open the filter and pick Select all > OK.

7. Quickly Calculate Data

Sometimes you want to see a quick calculation without adding a formula to your sheet. In Google Sheets, you can simply select the values and then choose a calculation to view without any extra work.

1. Select the data you want to calculate and then look on the bottom right of the tab row. You’ll see the calculation menu in green which contains the Sum of your data.

2. Open that menu and choose the calculation you want to perform. You’ll see the new result in that menu.

3. You can also simply open the menu to see all available calculations in real-time.

If you decide to include the calculation in your sheet, keep the cell selected and choose Explore to the right of the sheet tabs.

When the sidebar opens, drag the calculation you want to use to a cell in your sheet.

8. Explore Ways to Present Your Data

Maybe you have data in your spreadsheet but aren’t sure of the best way to display or analyze it. With the Explore feature, you can see various quick ways to present your data, review details about it, and ask questions.

Select your data and pick Explore on the bottom right.

When the Explore sidebar opens, you’ll see options for your data. Type a question in the Answers section, apply color using the Formatting section, or insert a chart from the Analysis section.

After you finish, simply use the X on the top right of the sidebar to close it.

9. Request Sheet Approvals

If you use a Google Workspace account for business or education, check out the Approvals feature. With it, you can request approvals from others and keep track of what’s approved and what isn’t.

Go to File and select Approvals.

When the Approvals sidebar opens, choose Make a request.

In the pop-up window, add those you want to approve your request and optionally a message. You can also include a due date, allow the approvers to edit the sheet, or lock the file before sending your request for approval. Choose Send request when you finish.

If you haven’t shared the document with the approvers already, you’ll be asked to do so and assign the permissions.

You can then view the status by returning to the Approvals sidebar.

10. Set Up a Custom Date and Time Format

While Google Sheets provides many different ways to format your dates and times, maybe you want something in particular. You can create your own date and time format with the structure, colors, and style you want.

1. Select the cell(s) containing the date or time and go to Format > Number > Custom date and time. Alternatively, you can select the More Formats option in the toolbar and pick Custom date and time.

2. When the window opens, you’ll see the current format for your date and/or time. Select an existing element at the top to change the format or delete it.

3. To add a different element, select the arrow on the right side and choose one from the list. You can then format that element using its arrow.

4. When you finish, select Apply to use the custom date and time format and you should see your sheet update.

With these Google Sheets features, you can do even more with your data. Be sure to try one or more and see which come in handy for you.

For related tutorials, look at how to find duplicates in Google Sheets using the conditional formatting options.

With two ways to switch your rows and columns, you can use whichever is most comfortable for you. This includes the Paste Special feature and the TRANSPOSE function. If you’re ready to go, here’s how to use transpose in Google Sheets.

Convert Rows and Columns With Paste Special

A quick way to convert rows and columns is using the Paste Special feature in Google Sheets. With it, you simply copy the data and then paste it as transposed.

The nice thing about using this option is that if you have formatting like bold text or a fill color in your cells, that formatting applies to the pasted cells.

1. Start by selecting the data you want to transpose. For example, we’ll convert our column of cities to a row.

2. Copy the data by doing one of the following:

• Select Edit > Copy from the menu.
• Right-click and choose Copy.
• Use the keyboard shortcut Ctrl + C on Windows or Command + C on Mac.

3. Go to the cell where you want to paste the data, making sure you have enough space so that you don’t overwrite existing data.
4. Either select Edit > Paste Special or right-click and move to Paste Special. Then, pick Transposed in the pop-out menu.

You should then see your selected cells pasted.

If you want to remove the original data after you paste it, you can delete it like any other data in your sheet.

Convert Rows and Columns With the TRANSPOSE Function

If you’re accustomed to using Google Sheets formulas, you can convert your rows or columns using the TRANSPOSE function and a simple formula.

Keep in mind that unlike the Paste Special feature above, existing text or cell formatting does not apply when you use the TRANSPOSE function.

The syntax for the formula is TRANSPOSE(range) with just one required argument for the range of cells you want to switch.

Go to the cell where you want the data transposed, making sure you have adequate space. Then, enter the following formula replacing the cell range with your own:

=TRANSPOSE(A2:G3)

Press Enter or Return and you should see your transposed data.

Again, you delete the original dataset after you use the TRANSPOSE formula to convert it if you like.

Convert Rows and Columns on Mobile

If you’re working with Google Sheets on your Android or iOS device, you can convert rows and columns there as well. While you can use the Paste Special feature or the TRANSPOSE function on Android, you can currently only use the function on iPhone.

Transpose on Android

To switch rows or columns on Android, open your Google Sheet and follow these simple steps to use Paste Special.

1. Select the cells you want to transpose. You can drag through them using the blue dot on the bottom right corner. Then, tap to display the toolbar and choose Copy.
2. Go to the cell where you want the converted rows or columns, tap, and select Paste special in the toolbar.

3. When the Paste Special options appear, choose Paste transposed.

You’ll then see your converted rows or columns.

If you prefer to use the TRANSPOSE function on Android, follow the steps below as they are the same on iPhone.

Transpose on iPhone

As mentioned, you cannot use the Paste Special feature in Google Sheets on iPhone as of this writing. You can, however, use the TRANSPOSE function to switch your rows and columns.

1. Go to the cell where you want the transposed cells.
2. Type the formula into the text box at the bottom.
3. Tap the green checkmark to apply the formula and you should see your converted rows or columns.

Converting rows to columns or the other way around is easy to do in Google Sheets. If you also use Microsoft Office, look at how to transpose data in Excel too!